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目的掌握攀枝花市出生缺陷发生率,了解出生缺陷分布特征、影响因素、发生原因等,制定预防出生缺陷实施方案。方法按照“攀枝花市出生缺陷监测方案”的要求,在攀枝花市所有出生缺陷监测单位对2008年10月1日～2011年9月30日出生的围产儿进行监测。结果共监测30111例围产儿,胎龄28周以上出生缺陷381例,出生缺陷发生率为126.5/万;男性出生缺陷发生率显著高于女性(χ2=11.49,P﹤0.01);出生缺陷儿母亲各年龄组间比较无差异性;胎龄﹤28周与胎龄≥28周的出生缺陷儿比例比较亦无明显差异。攀枝花市出生缺陷的主要畸形为总唇裂、外耳畸形、多指趾等。结论攀枝花市三年来出生缺陷发生率呈下降趋势;认真落实“三级预防”措施、强化孕期保健是减少出生缺陷发生的关键。
Objective To understand the incidence of birth defects in Panzhihua City and to understand the distribution characteristics, influencing factors and causes of birth defects so as to formulate a plan to prevent birth defects. Methods According to the “Panzhihua Birth Defects Monitoring Program”, all birth defects monitoring units in Panzhihua were monitored for perinatal infants born from October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2011. Results A total of 30 111 cases of perinatal children were observed. There were 381 cases of birth defects with a gestational age of more than 28 weeks. The incidence of birth defects was 126.5 per thousand. The incidence of birth defects in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2 = 11.49, P <0.01) There was no difference among all age groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of birth defects between gestational age <28 weeks and gestational age> 28 weeks. The main deformities of birth defects in Panzhihua City are total cleft lip, external ear deformity, multiple finger toes and so on. Conclusions The incidence of birth defects in Panzhihua City has shown a downward trend in the past three years. The implementation of the “three-level prevention” measures and the promotion of health care during pregnancy are the keys to reducing birth defects.