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在杨光先和南怀仁分别代表的中国传统天文与西方近代天文学之间的争论中,双方在知识基础、推演规则、判决方法、社群界定、夷夏之辨、人格形象等方面针对性地进行了自我辩护,这也形成了他们的说服要点。争论胜负并不能简单地由经验进行判决,而是涉及到政治、文化、研究方法等多方面的范式认同。理解双方的知识体系不能剥离这些背景。这一大背景下的社会史解读补充了将这场争论仅视为拯救现象意义上的科学观点冲突的传统观念,两种科学之间的争论实际上是儒家文化和近代西方思想、基督教文化之间的碰撞。本文将从杨光先和南怀仁两人各自的修辞出发,考察他们各自的理据和资源,针对中国皇族、官员、士人而发展出的对于自己所代表的知识形态的辩护,以及对对方知识形态的驳斥,从而从语言的角度重构起两种范式,展现科学历程的复杂性。
In the argument between the traditional Chinese astronomy represented by Yang Guangxian and Nan Huai-ren respectively and Western modern astronomy, the two sides targeted the knowledge base, the rules of deduction, the method of judgment, the definition of the community, the discrimination between Yi Xia and the personality image Self-defense, which also formed the main points of their persuasion. The outcome of the debate can not simply be judged by experience, but rather involves a wide range of paradigms such as politics, culture, and research methods. Understanding the knowledge systems of both parties can not divest these backgrounds. The interpretation of social history under this background complements the traditional notion that this debate should only be viewed as a conflict of scientific perspectives in the sense of saving the phenomenon. The debate between the two sciences is actually Confucianism and modern Western thought. The Christian culture Collision between. Based on their respective rhetoric of Yang Guangxian and Nan Huai-ren, this essay examines their own respective rationale and resources, defenses developed by the Chinese royalty, officials and scholars about their own forms of knowledge as well as their knowledge of each other Refute, so as to reconstruct two kinds of paradigms from the perspective of language and demonstrate the complexity of scientific history.