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科学技术发展到今天已经使天文学家有可能去探测天体在整个电磁波谱中任何一个波段的辐射了。但是光学波段作为“传统”的波段,迄今仍然是研究天体物理的基础。其主要原因是宇宙中大量的物质以凝聚的、温度达数千度乃至数万度的恒星形式存在着。当然,这也包括了恒星集合的星系。它们的辐射主要集中于光学波段。所以,大口径的光学天文望远镜仍然是天文学研究的主要工具。对于天文学家来说望远镜的主要作用是收集光子。我们知道,收集天体光子的能力是和望远镜镜面的面积成正比的。假如某一类天体有相同的光度,那么我们能探测到这类天体的极限距离就和望远镜口径成正比(当然,这里我们忽略了天体之间存在的星际物质对光线吸收的影响)。而且,天文望远镜还将天体成像。其空间分辨率也将和望远镜口径成正比。当然,我们这里还假定了没有大气扰动的影响和光学系统(包括镜面的磨制)
The development of science and technology has enabled astronomers to probe the radiation of any one of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. However, the optical band, as a “traditional” band, is by far the basis for the study of astrophysics. The main reason for this is that a large amount of matter in the universe exists in the form of cohesive stars with temperatures of thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees. Of course, this also includes the galaxy of the star collection. Their radiation is mainly concentrated in the optical band. Therefore, the large aperture optical telescope remains the main tool for astronomical research. The main function of the telescope for astronomers is to collect photons. We know that the ability to collect celestial photons is proportional to the area of the telescope’s mirror. If one type of object has the same luminosity, then we can detect that the ultimate distance of these objects is proportional to the aperture of the telescope (of course, here we ignore the effect of interstellar matter on light absorption). Moreover, the telescope will also celestial imaging. Its spatial resolution will also be proportional to the telescope aperture. Of course, we also assume here that there is no atmospheric disturbance and optical system (including mirror grinding)