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近几十年,控制胶体自组已被广泛用于装研究凝聚态物理的问题。相比与原子,胶体颗粒足够大、运动慢,我们利用光学显微镜就可以观察其运动。这给凝聚态物理微观问题的研究带来了很大的启发。我们利用交变电场控制胶体体系,观察了结晶过程中的一些基本过程:成核过程、扩散以及缺陷的变化。电场的调节使得粒子间的作用力更丰富,可以形成多种结构,如魏格纳晶体结构、吸引力诱导的晶体结构、液-固共存结构等。
In recent decades, controlled colloid self-assembly has been widely used to study the condensed matter physics. Compared with atoms, colloidal particles are large enough, slow motion, we use the optical microscope to observe its movement. This brings great inspiration to the study of condensed matter physics micro-problems. We use alternating electric field to control the colloidal system and observe some basic processes in the crystallization process: nucleation process, diffusion and defect changes. The regulation of the electric field makes the interaction between the particles richer, can form a variety of structures, such as the Wigner crystal structure, attraction-induced crystal structure, liquid-solid coexistence structure.