钌离子催化氧化法是对芳香碳有高度选择性的化学降解方法。本文在模型化合物研究的基础上，利用该方法对大庆减压渣油中芳香分和胶质的化学结构进行了分析。定量测定了与芳香核相连的正构烷基侧链和连接两个芳香核的正构烷基桥的分布。其碳数范围分别为Ｃ１～Ｃ３０和Ｃ２～Ｃ１１，随碳数增加其摩尔浓度下降。从两种组分的氧化产物中都检测出了从邻苯二甲酸到苯六甲酸的一系列苯多甲羧。定量分析表明，芳香分以渺位缩合芳香环系结构为主，胶质中的芳香结构比芳香分更丰富，缩合程度高的芳香环系结构更多 Ruthenium ion catalytic oxidation is a highly selective chemical degradation of aromatic carbon. Based on the study of model compounds, the chemical structure of aromatics and gums in Daqing vacuum residue was analyzed by this method. The distributions of n-alkyl side chains attached to the aromatic nucleus and n-alkyl bridges connected to two aromatic nuclei were quantitatively determined. The carbon number range is C1 ~ C30 and C2 ~ C11, with the increase of carbon number of its molar concentration decreased. A series of benzencarboxylates from phthalic acid to mellitic acid were detected from the oxidation products of both components. Quantitative analysis shows that the aromatics are predominantly vinylic aromatic rings, the aromatics in the gum are more abundant than the aromatic ones, and aromatic ring structures with more condensation are more