一、前言在液氮和室温之间能进行的所有物理和化学实验,对流体热力学测量要求控温具有最高稳定度和准确度。此外,当流体样品封密在高压泡室时,这些实验往往需要大的容积。本文中,我们对用于这种热力学测量的现有低温恒温器给予评述。这些低温恒温器都是些需要调整压力或真空的复杂装置。况且,如果不更换低温液体就不能在整个温度范围内工作。我们 I. INTRODUCTION All physical and chemical experiments that can be conducted between liquid nitrogen and room temperature require the highest degree of stability and accuracy in temperature control of thermodynamic measurements of fluids. In addition, these experiments often require large volumes when the fluid sample is sealed in a high-pressure bubble chamber. In this paper, we review existing cryostats used in this thermodynamic measurement. These cryostats are complex devices that require pressure or vacuum adjustments. Moreover, you can not work over the entire temperature range without changing cryogenic liquids. we