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这是一门环境与社会之间相互作用的学科。美国环境社会学家邓拉普和卡顿认为,环境社会学主要研究人类、技术、文化、社会体系和人格体系的自变量和如何影响自然环境;自然环境由此产生的变化又如何影响人类、技术、文化、社会体系和人格体系,以及如何影响它们间的相互关系。目前环境社会学的基本研究领域大致如下:①建筑环境,②环境团体、工业界及政府对环境问题的反应,③自然灾害,④能源及其他资源紧缺的影响等。对环境问题的社会学研究工作,经历了一个环境问题社会学向环境社会学发展的过程。目前,环境社会学尚属初创阶段,其学科本身还未能形成一个非常严密的研究领域,各国环境社会学家们研究的兴趣也不集中,加之缺乏经验研究的长期历史,所以在这一领域的研究工作多属概念性或推测性,其理论体系,至今尚未建立。
This is an interdisciplinary environment and society. According to Dunlap and Caton, environmental sociologists in the United States, environmental sociology mainly studies the independent variables of human beings, technologies, cultures, social systems and personality systems and how they affect the natural environment; how the changes resulting from the natural environment affect human beings, Technical, cultural, social and personal systems and how they affect their interrelationships. At present, the basic research fields of environmental sociology are as follows: (1) the built environment; (2) the reaction of environmental groups, industries and governments to environmental problems; (3) natural disasters; (4) the impact of scarce energy and other resources. Sociological research on environmental issues has undergone a process of sociological development of environmental issues toward environmental sociology. At present, environmental sociology is still in its infancy. The discipline itself has not yet formed a very tight field of research. The environmental sociologists in various countries have not studied interest for a long time, and they lack the long history of empirical research. Therefore, in this field Most of the research work is conceptual or speculative, and its theoretical system has not been established yet.