贵州省清水江流域的林业发展史是一部值得研究的历史,这里曾创造出辉煌的木商文化,被誉为木材贸易的黄金时代。该流域的木材贸易自宋元开始,盛行于明清,延续至民国,有五百年历史。与以往朝代不同,清代该流域木材交易量曾创历史新高,其背后的原因,是非常值得研究的。本文认为这跟良好的地域环境、清王朝对疆土的深度拓展、区域性木材市场网络的形成、人口急剧增长背景下地方族群的另类生计模式及王朝政策和土办法的共管共治这五大因素相关。 The history of forestry development in the Qingshui River Basin in Guizhou Province is a worthwhile study. Here it has created a brilliant wooden merchant culture and is known as the golden age of timber trade. The trade of timber in the basin started from the Song and Yuan dynasties and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, extending to the Republic of China with a history of five hundred years. Unlike the previous dynasties, the amount of timber traded in the watershed in the Qing Dynasty hit a record high. The reasons behind this are very worthy of study. This paper argues that this is related to the five factors of favorable geographical environment, the deep expansion of the territory by the Qing Dynasty, the formation of a regional timber market network, the alternative livelihood patterns of local ethnic groups in the context of rapid population growth, and the coexistence of dynastic policies and local laws .