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目的了解1999-2008年广州地区儿童传染病的变化规律和主要传染病的发病情况,为医院儿科临床及传染病管理提供参考。方法对1999-2008年广州市儿童医院传染科住院所有法定传染病进行分类、统计,应用Excel软件进行统计学分析。结果传染病发病居前10位的依次为麻疹、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、病毒性肝炎、流行性感冒、感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、猩红热、恙虫病、伤寒副伤寒。呼吸道传染病居发病首位,占79.82%,其次为肠道传染病,占16.97%,再次为自然疫源性传染病,占1.74%。传染病发病以麻疹居首位,占49.67%,其次为水痘,占14.50%。年龄最大分布在1～6岁,占72.16%。人均住院8.13 d。10年来儿童传染病发病趋势有所下降,肠道传染病发病降低,呼吸道传染病发病上升,以麻疹、水痘、流行性腮腺炎居发病前三位,出现梅毒、艾滋病新发传染病。结论广州市儿童传染病的防控应采取以呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病为防控工作的重点,同时,新发传染病应高度重视。
Objective To understand the changes of children’s infectious diseases and the incidence of major infectious diseases in Guangzhou during 1999-2008 and to provide references for the pediatric clinical and infectious disease management. Methods The statutory infectious diseases in inpatient department of Guangzhou Children’s Hospital from 1999 to 2008 were classified and statistically analyzed. Excel software was used for statistical analysis. Results The top 10 infectious diseases were measles, chickenpox, mumps, viral hepatitis, influenza, infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery, scarlet fever, scrub typhus and paratyphoid fever. Respiratory infectious disease ranks the first place, accounting for 79.82%, followed by intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 16.97%, once again a natural foci of infectious diseases, accounting for 1.74%. The incidence of infectious diseases ranked first with measles, accounting for 49.67%, followed by chickenpox, accounting for 14.50%. The oldest distribution in 1 to 6 years old, accounting for 72.16%. Per capita hospitalization 8.13 d. In recent 10 years, the incidence of infectious diseases of children has dropped. The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases has been reduced. The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases has risen. The first three cases of measles, chickenpox and mumps have emerged as new infectious diseases of syphilis and AIDS. Conclusion Prevention and control of children’s infectious diseases in Guangzhou should be taken as the focus of prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases. At the same time, new infectious diseases should be highly valued.