Objective: A previous study demonstrated that non-anthracycline-containing docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide(TC) regimen was inferior to docetaxel, anthracycline and cyclophosphamide(TAC) in neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a short-term follow-up. Herein, long-term follow-up survival outcomes have been investigated.Methods: TNBC or HER2-positive patients were randomized to receive 6 cycles of TC or TAC neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was pathological complete remission(p CR). Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, event-free survival(EFS), and overall survival(OS).Results: A cohort of 96 patients consisted of 45 in TC and 51 in TAC arm. With a median follow-up period of53(range, 8–76) months, the patients achieving p CR post neoadjuvant chemotherapy exhibited superior EFS and OS than patients without p CR(P<0.05). TAC treatment resulted in consistently better EFS than TC treatment:the estimated 5-year EFS was 66.1% vs. 29.8%(P=0.002). Moreover, the estimated 5-year OS was also in favor of TAC: 88.4% vs. 51.6%(P<0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the treatment regimen was an independent prognostic factor, and patients treated with TAC had a superior EFS [hazard ratio(HR), 0.48; 95%confidence interval(95% CI), 0.26–0.90; P=0.021] and OS(HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08–0.60; P=0.003).Conclusions: The updated long-term follow-up data demonstrated a sustained benefit in EFS and OS from anthracycline-containing TAC treatment, indicating that anthracycline is an essential and effective drug in this clinical trial. Objective: A previous study demonstrated that non-anthracycline-containing docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide (TC) regimen was inferior to docetaxel, anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (TAC) in neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 - (HER2) -positive breast cancer in a short-term follow-up. Herein, long-term follow-up survival outcomes have been investigated. Methods: TNBC or HER2-positive patients were randomized to receive 6 cycles of TC or TAC neoadjuvant The primary endpoint was pathological complete remission (p CR). Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: A cohort of 96 patients consisted of 45 in TC and 51 In TAC arm. With a median follow-up period of 53 (range, 8-76) months, the patients achieve p CR post neoadjuvant chemotherapy superior superior EFS and OS than patients without p CR (P <0.05). TAC treatment resulted in consistently bet ter EFS than TC treatment: the estimated 5-year EFS was 66.1% vs. 29.8% (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the estimated 5-year OS was also in favor of TAC: 88.4% vs. 51.6% Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the treatment regimen was an independent prognostic factor, and patients treated with TAC had a superior EFS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.26-0.90; ] and OS (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.60; P = 0.003) .Conclusions: The updated long-term follow-up data demonstrated a demonstrated benefit from EFS and OS from anthracycline-containing TAC treatment, indicating that anthracycline is an essential and effective drug in this clinical trial.