这一章讨论教师能够用以促进学生学会交际技能的方式方法。首先应该明确,学生应该用所学语言来练习。应该告诉学生,不要以出错为耻辱。相反,差错往往暴露学生学习方法(strategies)上的问题,因而能使教师改进自己的教学方法。例如,学生因语言的某些规则套用过头而造成错误,那末教师就可以侧重训练这些不可照套特殊规则的语言项目。为了阐明听、说、读、写四方面的交际技能,我们将列举适合于各熟练阶段——初、中、高三级——的操练和练习的范例。所有这些活动的最终目标都是引导学生获得在“真实”世界里进行交际的本领。 This chapter discusses ways in which teachers can promote students’ communicative skills. First of all it should be clear that students should practice in the language they are using. Students should be told not to make any mistake as a shame. On the contrary, mistakes often expose students to problems in learning strategies, thereby enabling teachers to improve their teaching methods. For example, if students make mistakes due to excessive application of certain rules of language, teachers can focus on training these language items that are not covered by special rules. In order to clarify communicative skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will list examples of exercises and exercises that are suitable for all levels of proficiency - beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. The ultimate goal of all these activities is to guide students to acquire the ability to communicate in the “real” world.