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“下乡下山”溯源50年代初期,中国共产党在带领全国人民医治战争创伤中,遇到了中小学毕业生升学和就业的难题。新中国成立后的第三年,全国小学毕业生达260万人,而初中所能容纳的应届小学毕业生有限,与要求升学者的数目相差较大。1955年,合作化运动进入飞速发展时期,《人民日报》在8月11日发表了《必须做好动员组织中、小学毕业生从事生产劳动的工作》社论,要求各级组织积极帮助青年人转到农村参加生产劳动。这是第一次比较明确地向知识青年发出下乡的号召。
In the early 1950s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) encountered problems in entering primary schools and obtaining employment for primary and secondary school students when it led the people across the country to heal the wounds of the war. In the third year after the founding of New China, there were 2.6 million elementary school graduates nationwide, and the number of graduating primary freshmen who can be accommodated in junior high schools is limited, which is quite different from the number of those who are required to graduate. In 1955, the cooperative movement entered a period of rapid development. The People’s Daily published an editorial on August 11 that it was necessary to mobilize the work of primary and secondary school graduates to engage in productive labor, and urged organizations at all levels to actively help young people to turn To the rural areas to participate in productive labor. This is the first time that the issue of going to the countryside for knowledgeable youth has been clearly pronounced.