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我国城乡居民收入不均等体现为区域结构和收入构成的失衡,从双重结构分解的结果看,城乡间居民收入差异已经成为城乡收入不均等的主要因素,同时城乡居民对具体收入构成的依赖性也有差异,农村居民过度依靠劳动收入,而城镇居民则相对依赖转移性收入。双重失衡之根源在于积习已久的以城市偏向为特征的城乡二元发展政策和收入分配政策。农民收入结构的改进与收入水平的提高须以政策倾向转变为前提,着眼农民人力资本的积累,给予农民平等的就业机会、分配机会和保障机会。
The unequal income of urban and rural residents in China reflects the imbalance between regional structure and income. Judging from the results of the double structural decomposition, the income inequality between urban and rural areas has become the main factor of urban-rural income inequality. At the same time, the dependency of urban and rural residents on the specific income composition The difference is that rural residents rely too much on labor income, while urban residents are relatively dependent on the transfer of income. The root cause of the double imbalance lies in the well-established policy of urban-rural dual development and income distribution characterized by urban biases. Improvement of the income structure of peasants and improvement of income level shall be based on the prerequisite of changing the policy orientation, focusing on the accumulation of peasants’ human capital, giving peasants equal employment opportunities, distributing opportunities and safeguarding their opportunities.