著名经济学家马洪最近在一次演讲中提出,不赞成把利润率高低作为企业是否有活力的标准。他认为在企业缺乏平等竞争的条件,又不能自主决策的情况下,利润率的高低并不能全面、真实地反映企业经营实情。马洪针对我国国营大中企业目前的状况,提出评判企业是否有活力的五个标准:产品有竞争力、市场有应变力、科技有开发力、资产有增殖力、企业有凝聚力。这五条标准乃是针对目前我国大中型 Ma Hong, a well-known economist, recently stated in a speech that he does not agree that the level of profitability is a criterion for the viability of a company. He believes that in the absence of conditions for equal competition in enterprises, and can not make their own decisions, the level of profitability can not fully and truly reflect the company’s operating conditions. Ma Hong proposed five criteria for assessing the viability of China’s state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises: the products are competitive, the market is resilient, the technology is exploitable, the assets are prolific, and the companies are cohesive. These five criteria are aimed at large and medium-sized China