近十年来,由各种原因引起的“免疫缺陷”(Immunocompromised)患者日益增多。该类患者易受病原体的侵袭而发生感染,此种感染的病原体、发生部位以及临床表现往往与常见者不同,因而造成诊断和治疗上的困难。由于免疫学、抗生素及化学治疗等方面的迅速发展,多数传染病的发病率及病死率均已有明显下降,致使在若干发达国家中,免疫缺陷者感染的发病率已超过传染病的发病率,因此,免疫缺陷者感染这个问题应引起足够的重视。引起免疫力不足的原因很多,大致可分为两类:小部分是先天性的,称为“免疫短绌”(Immunodeficiency)。例如Bruton型婴儿无丙种球蛋白血症及Nezelof-DiGeorge症候群,分别由于B、T淋巴细胞免疫功能不全引起,而两种淋巴细胞系统均 Over the past decade, a growing number of “immunocompromised” patients have been caused by a variety of causes. Such patients are susceptible to infection by pathogens. The pathogens, locations and clinical manifestation of such infections are often different from the common ones, resulting in diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Due to the rapid development of immunology, antibiotics and chemical treatment, the incidence and mortality rates of most infectious diseases have dropped significantly. As a result, in some developed countries, the incidence of immunodeficiency infections has surpassed the incidence of infectious diseases Therefore, immunodeficiency infection should be given enough attention to this issue. There are many reasons for the lack of immunity, can be divided into two categories: a small part is congenital, known as the “immune deficiency” (Immunodeficiency). For example, Bruton-type infants with agammagylin and Nezelof-DiGeorge syndrome were caused by immunological insufficiency of B and T lymphocytes, respectively, whereas both lymphocyte systems