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商谈伦理是协商民主的哲学理论基础。虽然哈贝马斯很少使用“社会合作”术语,但其探讨的核心议题是社会合作的可能性。保罗.利科认为,社会合作的先验条件并不充分,主张对哈贝马斯的商谈伦理进行改进。他认为,在社会合作中,普遍化的纯化和先验进路是不必要的,普遍性证明是开放的,商谈伦理兼容于实践智慧。通过强调实践和应用的维度,利科补充了哈贝马斯的商谈伦理,带有功利主义和目的论色彩,这是对康德推崇自律的主体性伦理学的进一步偏离。
The negotiation ethics is the philosophical foundation of deliberative democracy. Although Habermas seldom uses the term “social co-operation,” the central topic of its discussion is the possibility of social co-operation. Paul Ricoeur believes that the a priori conditions of social cooperation are not sufficient, and advocates improving Habermas’s negotiation ethics. In his opinion, in the social cooperation, universal purification and transcendental approach are unnecessary, universal proof is open, and negotiation ethics are compatible with practical wisdom. By emphasizing the dimensions of practice and application, Ricoeur supplemented Habermas’s negotiation ethics with utilitarianism and teleological color, which further departed from Kant’s subjective ethics of self-discipline.