朱熹有言:“万事须是有精神方做得。”国家治理主体(政府、企业、社会组织、公民等)的行为不仅受利益的支配,更受观念的支配。任何行为都是某种观念认知的结果,当这种观念认知贯穿并指导行动时,它就成为“精神”。法国经济学家理查德·坎蒂隆提出了企业家精神,德国社会学家马克 Zhu Xi said: “Everything must be done spiritually.” The actions of the state governing entities (government, enterprises, social organizations, citizens, etc.) are not only governed by the interests but also governed by the concept. Any behavior is the result of the perception of a concept which becomes “spirit” as it is perceived throughout. French economist Richard Cantillon put forward the entrepreneurial spirit, the German sociologist Mark