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为了解乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗 (HepB)接种情况及其影响因素 ,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法 ,在乙肝扶贫项目县礼泉、眉县抽取 5 11名 12～ 18月龄儿童及其母亲为调查对象 ,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)。结果为 :儿童HepB全程接种率、首针及时接种率、全程及时接种率分别为 95 5 %、94 9%、89 0 % ;母亲HBsAg阳性率 2 2 % ,儿童无 1例HBsAg阳性。分析提示 :第 1胎儿童HepB全程接种率显著地高于≥ 2胎 (χ2 =4 5 5 8,P<0 0 5 ) ;不同文化程度母亲的儿童HepB首针及时接种率、全程接种率间差异有显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =10 0 88～ 12 5 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,全程及时接种率间差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =2 1 4 9,P <0 0 1) ;儿童首针HepB接种全部在出生地点 ,第 2、3针主要在乡村级 ;加强培训和开展广泛的宣传是提高HepB接种率的关键 ;借助医生和媒体宣传是最好的宣传方式 ;开展孕妇HBsAg筛查 ,对其阳性者的新生儿及时接种HepB是降低乙肝发病的最佳策略。
To understand HepB inoculation and its influential factors, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to collect 5,11 children aged 12 to 18 months in Liquan County and Meixian County, The mother was the target of the investigation, and blood was taken to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). The results were as follows: HepB whole-child vaccination rate and first-dose timely vaccination rate were 95 5%, 94 9% and 89 0% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in mothers was 22% and none in children. The analysis indicated that the whole-child vaccination rate of HepB in the first child was significantly higher than that of the second child (χ2 = 4558, P <0 05). HepB first vaccination rate and full vaccination rate among mothers with different education level The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 10 0 88 ~ 125 4, P 0 05). There was a statistically significant difference in the timely vaccination rate between the two groups (χ2 = 2 1 49, P 0 00 1). HepB vaccination is all at the place of birth, and the second and third needles are mainly at the village level. Strengthening training and carrying out extensive publicity are the key to raising the vaccination rate of HepB. Using doctors and media is the best propaganda method. To carry out HBsAg screening in pregnant women, timely vaccination of HepB positive neonates is the best strategy to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B.