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改进现有的强度理论,并研究它在设计上的合理使用,是当前重要课题之一。本文首先评述五个经典性的强度理论。其次,根据某些已有的实验资料,对发展莫尔强度理论提出初步看法。再次,在莫尔强度理论和最大正应力理论的基础上,提出脆性材料的力学状态图。最后,从内摩擦系数的特点,和罗斯(M.Ros)的实验数据,建议塑性材料的力学状态图。现在弗里特曼力学状态图已在金属学、金属物理、金属压力加工原理、金属切创原理以及某些材料力学教本中广为介绍,因此对力学状态图的研究改进,作者认为不只是具有理论价值,而且还有重要的现实意义。特别是工程技术界对强度理论的运用,还存在着一定紊乱情形下,力学状态图可对常用强度理论提供合理选择的依据。
To improve the existing strength theory and study its rational use in design is one of the important topics at present. This article first reviews five classic strength theories. Second, based on some existing experimental data, a preliminary view of the development of Mohr’s strength theory is proposed. Again, based on the Moiré strength theory and the maximum normal stress theory, the mechanical state diagram of brittle materials is proposed. Finally, from the characteristics of the internal friction coefficient, and the experimental data of Rose (M.Ros), the mechanical state diagram of the plastic material is proposed. Now, Friedman’s mechanical state diagram has been widely introduced in the metallurgy, metal physics, metal pressure processing principles, metal cutting and wounding principles, and some materials mechanics textbooks. Therefore, the research on the improvement of the mechanical state diagram is not only Theoretical value, but also important practical significance. In particular, the use of the strength theory by the engineering and technical community, there is a certain disorder, the mechanics state diagram can provide reasonable basis for the common strength theory.