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钢材是压力容器设计、制造和安全使用的关键基础因素之一。钢材品种和质量的发展一直受到各国重视,近二、三十年随着设备向大型化发展和石油化工等工艺需要采用高温、高压等参数以及低应力脆断现象的出现,原有常用钢材的性能已经不能适应。主要不适应的指标有强度、韧性、高温性能、低温性能、可焊性和抗裂性、热处理性能、抗应力腐蚀、抗氢脆、断裂韧性等等。为了适应需要,采用新技术改进原有钢种性能和发展新钢种是目前主要发展趋势。建国四十年来,我国压力容器用钢同国际上的发展相似,大致有三个发展阶段。
Steel is one of the key foundational factors in the design, manufacture and safe use of pressure vessels. The development of varieties and quality of steel has always been valued by all the countries. In the recent two or three decades, with the advent of large-scale equipment development and petrochemical processes, high-temperature and high-pressure parameters and the occurrence of low-stress brittle fracture have emerged. Performance has not adapted. The main indicators do not meet the strength, toughness, high temperature performance, low temperature performance, solderability and crack resistance, heat treatment properties, stress corrosion resistance, resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, fracture toughness and so on. In order to meet the needs of the use of new technologies to improve the performance of the original steel and the development of new steel is the main trend. In the 40 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China’s pressure vessel steel has been developed in a similar way to that of the rest of the world with roughly three stages of development.