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目的:利用不同剂量的卵清蛋白(OVA)诱导大鼠,探索建立一个稳定、理想的大鼠支气管哮喘模型。方法:用低、中、高剂量卵清蛋白致敏大鼠后再雾化吸入同一致敏原从而诱发大鼠哮喘发作,分别观察各组大鼠肺组织病理切片、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞计数和分类以及双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法检测BALF中OVA特异性IgE(OVA-IgE)以及外周血和BALF白细胞介素(IL-4)和干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平。结果:3个模型组大鼠较正常对照组均出现哮喘异常症状,但高剂量组有明显的腹式呼吸和呼吸短促,且高剂量组肺组织病理显示气道炎症较低、中剂量组明显严重,3个模型组的BALF中细胞总数较对照组均有不同程度增高,且高剂量组增高有显著性(P<0.05);中、高剂量组的嗜酸粒细胞较对照组增高,且3个剂量组之间差异均有显著性(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01)。中、高剂量组的淋巴细胞较对照组增高均有显著性(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01)。中、高剂量组较低剂量组显著升高(P均<0.05)。高剂量组大鼠血清中IL-4和BALF中OVA-IgE较对照组和低、中剂量组增高有显著性(P<0.05),中剂量组BALF中OVA-IgE较对照组增高有显著性(P<0.05)。高、中剂量组较低剂量组和对照组IFN-γ下降,差异均有显著性(P分别<0.01和<0.05)。结论:幼年大鼠哮喘模型中的致敏原剂量的大小与哮喘气道变应性炎症的程度有关,大剂量腹腔注射OVA是一种操作简便的诱发大鼠哮喘模型的方法,成功率高,重复性好,值得动物实验推广使用。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a stable and ideal rat bronchial asthma model by using different doses of ovalbumin (OVA) to induce rats. Methods: Rats were sensitized with low, medium and high doses of ovalbumin and then inhaled the same allergen to induce asthma attack in rats. Pathological examination of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF ) In BALF and OVA-IgE in BALF and interleukin (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood and BALF were detected by cell counting and classification as well as double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , IFN-γ) levels. Results: Compared with the normal control group, all the three model groups showed abnormal symptoms of asthma. However, the high-dose group had obvious abdominal respiration and shortness of breath, and the lung pathology of the high-dose group showed lower airway inflammation and the middle dose group was significantly (P <0.05). The number of eosinophils in the medium and high dose groups was higher than that in the control group, and the number of cells in BALF of three model groups was significantly higher than that of the control group There was significant difference between the three dose groups (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). Middle and high dose groups of lymphocytes than the control group were significantly increased (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). The middle and high dose groups were significantly higher than the low dose group (all P <0.05). Compared with the control group and OVA-IgE group, the levels of IL-4 in serum and BALF in high-dose group increased significantly (P <0.05), while the OVA-IgE in BALF increased significantly in middle dose group (P <0.05). The levels of IFN-γ in the high-dose and middle-dose groups were significantly lower than those in the lower dose group and the control group (P <0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The size of allergen dose in juvenile rat asthma model is related to the severity of airway allergic inflammation in asthma. High dose intraperitoneal injection of OVA is a simple and convenient method to induce rat asthma model with high success rate, Repeatability, it is worth promoting the use of animal experiments.