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随着中国机动化进程的加快,高速公路运输系统日益复杂化,建立可靠的国家和地方交通监控系统已成为必需.回顾北美发达国家的经验对于高速公路的管理和设计部门设计及实施有效的交通监控系统是有益的.在联邦高速公路管理局(FHWA),美国州公路和运输官员协会(AASHTO)以及美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)的指导方针下,北美高速公路部门开发了一套“标准的”交通监控系统.基于对系统精确性,可靠性和成本的有效性的分析,所采用的做法能得到相当的及可比较的交通统计数据,这些数据为高速公路的各种决策的制定提供依据和支持.本文首先介绍北美高速公路机构的经验,包括目前的做法以及相关的指导方针,然后总结和评述了一些指导交通数据程序建立与运行的原则.同时,本文也指出和讨论了交通监控和标准存在的问题,并对其进行了相关研究.通过回顾一些经验,指导方针和原则,有助于中国建立有效的基于标准的通用交通监控系统.
With the accelerating process of motorization in China and the increasingly complicated highway transportation system, it has become necessary to establish a reliable national and local traffic monitoring system.Reviewing the experience of developed countries in North America, the design and implementation of efficient transportation for the management and design departments of expressways Monitoring systems are beneficial and under the guidelines of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the North American Freeway Authority has developed a “ Standard ”traffic monitoring system. Based on an analysis of the system’s accuracy, reliability and cost effectiveness, the approach used can yield comparable and comparable traffic statistics for various decisions of the highway This paper first introduces the experience of North American expressway agencies, including current practices and related guidelines, and then summarizes and comments on some principles that guide the establishment and operation of traffic data programs.At the same time, this paper also pointed out and discussed Traffic monitoring and standard problems, and carried out related research.By reviewing some experiences, referring to Guidelines and principles, will help China establish effective standards-based universal traffic monitoring system.