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目的分析西安市2005-2014年居民主要慢性病死亡特征和流行趋势,为制定适合本地区的慢性病防治策略提供依据。方法收集西安市2005-2014年居民慢性病死因监测数据,采用死亡数、粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成比、年度变化百分比(APC)等指标对慢性病死亡趋势进行统计学描述。结果西安市2005-2014年慢性病平均死亡率为451.58/10万(384.82/10万-502.60/10万)。恶性肿瘤(APC=2.312%)、心脏病(APC=2.786%)、脑血管病(APC=5.579%)和慢性呼吸系统疾病(APC=6.306%)死亡呈上升趋势(P<0.05),高血压(APC=-23.489%)的死亡呈下降趋势(P<0.05),而糖尿病的死亡基本维持在稳定水平。死亡率标化后高血压的死亡仍呈下降趋势外(P<0.05),其他各慢性病的死亡基本维持在稳定水平。各慢性病的死亡率均随年龄增大呈升高趋势;男性死亡率显著高于女性(χ2=3 176.44,P<0.01)。结论慢性病已成为西安市居民生命健康的主要威胁,防治亟待加强;重点防治的目标人群为中老年人群。
Objective To analyze the death characteristics and epidemic trends of major chronic diseases among residents in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014 and provide evidences for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in this area. Methods The surveillance data of death causes of chronic diseases in residents in Xi’an during 2005-2014 were collected. The mortality trends of chronic diseases were statistically described by the indexes of death number, crude death rate, standardized death rate, constituent ratio of death causes, annual change percentage (APC) and so on. Results The average mortality rate of chronic diseases in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014 was 451.58 / 100 000 (384.82 / 100000-502.60 / 100000). Deaths of malignant tumor (APC = 2.312%), heart disease (APC = 2.786%), cerebrovascular disease (APC = 5.579%) and chronic respiratory disease (APC = 6.306%) showed an upward trend (P < (APC = -23.489%) showed a decreasing trend (P <0.05), while the death of diabetes basically remained at a stable level. Mortality after the standardization of the death of hypertension is still a downward trend (P <0.05), the death of other chronic diseases remained at a stable level. Mortality rates of all chronic diseases increased with age. Mortality rate of males was significantly higher than that of females (χ2 = 3 176.44, P <0.01). Conclusion Chronic diseases have become the major threat to the life and health of residents in Xi’an. Prevention and treatment should be strengthened urgently. The target population for prevention and treatment should be middle-aged and elderly people.