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目的分析高州市1998-2008年狂犬病流行情况,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对高州市1998-2008年报告的狂犬病资料进行统计分析。结果高州市1998-2008年共报告狂犬病75例,死亡75例,年平均发病率为0.42/10万,病死率为100%。其中2006年年均发病率最高,达0.97/10万,2000年和2001年无病例报告;病例集中在农村;病例男女性别比为2.1∶1,发病年龄以10～19岁为多。职业分布以农民为多,占53.33%(40/75),其次为学生,占32.00%(24/75)。93.33%传染源为犬只,92.00%病例暴露后伤口未作处理或未及时正确处理,89.33%病例未接种人用狂犬病疫苗。结论犬只免疫接种率低,犬只管理不善,犬伤后处理不及时、不规范等是高州市狂犬病发病的主要原因,因此提高群众预防意识,加强各部门合作是防制狂犬病的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of rabies in Gaozhou from 1998 to 2008 and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the data of rabies reported in Gaozhou from 1998 to 2008. Results In 1998-2008, Gaozhou City reported a total of 75 cases of rabies and 75 deaths, with an average annual incidence of 0.42 / 100,000 and a case fatality rate of 100%. Among them, the average annual incidence in 2006 was the highest, reaching 0.97 / 100,000. There were no case reports in 2000 and 2001; the cases were concentrated in rural areas; the male / female sex ratio was 2.1: 1 and the age of onset was mostly 10-19 years old. Occupation distribution of farmers as much, accounting for 53.33% (40/75), followed by students, accounting for 32.00% (24/75). 93.33% of the infected dogs were infected, 92.00% of the cases were exposed wounds were not treated or not properly treated in time, 89.33% of cases were not vaccinated against human rabies vaccine. Conclusion The low immunization rate of dogs, poor management of dogs, improper treatment of dog wounds after injury, and irregularities are the main causes of rabies in Gaozhou City. Therefore, it is an effective measure to prevent rabies by raising awareness among the public and strengthening cooperation among various departments.