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(一) 工程测量和矿山测量中有两类平均值,一类是对同一量多次重复观测的平均值,另一类是对数量场按一定间隔多个测定值的平均值。通常称前者是观测平均值,后者是第二类平均值。第二类平均值中比较典型是为平整场地而进行的分方测量和矿山测量中的采矿场验收测量等等。分方测量是把地面高程Z=f(x、y)按互相垂直的方向依一定间距l_(xi)、l_(yj),在范围S_(xy)内,测定了N=n·m个值:
(A) There are two kinds of average values in engineering survey and mine survey, one is the average value of multiple repeated observations of the same quantity, and the other is the average of multiple measured values of the quantitative field at certain intervals. The former is usually said to be the mean of the observations and the latter is the second type of averages. The average of the second category is typical for the formation of a site for the measurement and measurement of mine mining acceptance test and so on. The square measurement is to measure the ground elevation Z = f (x, y) in the direction perpendicular to each other at a certain distance l_ (xi), l_ (yj), and within the range S_ :