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运用西方经济学有关理论,对职业联赛中职业体育协会与裁判员之间的委托—代理关系进行分析,指出,“黑哨”是裁判员作为代理人道德风险的一种表现;决定裁判员“黑哨”行为的主要因素有:“黑哨”收益、裁判员执法津贴、“黑哨”行为被发现和惩处的概率、“黑哨”行为被惩处后的收入等。预防和避免裁判员道德风险的关键在于建立一套行之有效的激励约束机制。为此,应提高裁判员执法津贴;加强监督,加大对违规裁判员的惩罚力度;推进裁判职业化;实行裁判员年薪制;建立裁判员职业声誉评价体制和机制;加强对裁判员的精神激励。
Using the theory of Western economics, this paper analyzes the principal-agent relationship between professional sports associations and referees in professional leagues, and points out that “black whistle” is a manifestation of the moral hazard of referees as agents; “The main factors of behavior are:” black whistle “income, the referee law enforcement allowance,” black whistle “behavior was found and punished probability,” black whistle "behavior after being punished income. The key to prevent and avoid referee moral hazard lies in establishing an effective incentive and restraint mechanism. To this end, should improve the referee law enforcement allowances; strengthen supervision, increase penalties for violations of referees; promote the referee professionalization; implementation of the referee annual salary system; establish referee occupational reputation evaluation system and mechanism; strengthen the referee’s spirit excitation.