分析了我国农作物秸秆的资源禀赋,比较了秸秆资源生态转化技术,探讨了国内外秸秆资源生态转化的发展进程与制约因素。结果表明,2012年我国主要农作物秸秆资源总量约7.50亿t,折合标准煤3.88亿t;我国秸秆资源空间分布差异显著,在经济富裕地区、地广人稀的产粮地区和能源产区秸秆资源丰富,生态转化潜力较大;秸秆资源的原料化和能源化利用是我国生态转化的2种可行方式;农作物秸秆密度较低的资源属性、企业管理与技术创新水平较低、现有政策制度设计和监督实施的缺陷,是秸秆规模化利用的主要制约因素。 This paper analyzes the resource endowments of crop stalks in our country, compares the technology of straw resources ecotransformation, and discusses the development process and restrictive factors of stalk resource ecotransformation at home and abroad. The results showed that in 2012, the total amount of straw resources in China’s main crops was about 750 million tons, equivalent to 388 million tons of standard coal; spatial distribution of straw resources in China significantly different in economically rich areas, sparsely populated grain-producing areas and energy-producing straw Resource-rich and ecological conversion potential is greater; the utilization of straw resources as raw material and energy is two feasible ways of ecological transformation in China; the resource characteristics of crop straw with low density, low level of enterprise management and technological innovation, the existing policy system Design and supervision of the implementation of defects is the main constraints on the scale of straw utilization.