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目的了解咸丰县中小学校师生结核病感染与发病情况并有效控制学校结核病的传播与流行。方法对2012年9月至12月对咸丰县中小学校师生45 001人中30 515人进行肺结核病筛查,并对结核分枝杆菌抗体(IgG)检测,对抗体阳性者开展可疑症状筛查,同时复查胸片、痰涂片。涂阴肺结核患者的诊断由涂阴诊断小组会诊后确诊。结果本次研究筛查率为67.8%,结核抗体阳性者1 899例,阳性率为6.2%。教职工抗体阳性率较中学生、小学生比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),年龄越大结核病抗体阳性率越高。胸部X线检查1 899例,痰涂片检查574例。新发现活动性肺结核患者6例,治疗期肺结核患者18例,陈旧性肺结核6例,支气管炎或肺部感染等424例。对民族初级中学、乐山初级中学、县高中的结核病抗体阳性率进行比较,县某高中阳性率13.5%显著高于其他学校;县高中的结核病抗体阳性率同民族初级中学、乐山初级中学比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对结核病早预防,做好筛查,严格控制,才能控制学校结核病疫情的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis among teachers and students in primary and secondary schools in Xianfeng County and to effectively control the spread and prevalence of tuberculosis in schools. Methods From September to December 2012, 30 515 lung cancer screening among 45 001 students in primary and secondary schools in Xianfeng County were carried out. Susceptibility screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody (IgG) At the same time review the chest, sputum smear. Diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed by the smear diagnosis group consultation. Results The screening rate of this study was 67.8%, and 1 899 were positive for tuberculosis antibody. The positive rate was 6.2%. The positive rate of antibody in staff was higher than that of middle school students and primary school students (P <0.01). The older the positive rate of TB antibody was, the higher the rate was. There were 1 899 chest radiographs and 574 sputum smears. Six cases of newly diagnosed active tuberculosis, 18 cases of tuberculosis in treatment period, 6 cases of old tuberculosis, 424 cases of bronchitis or pulmonary infection were newly discovered. The positive rate of tuberculosis antibody in ethnic junior middle schools, Leshan junior middle schools and county high schools was higher than that of other schools. The positive rate of TB antibody in county high school was significantly lower than that of ethnic junior middle schools and Leshan junior high schools Statistical significance (P <0.01). Conclusion Early prevention of tuberculosis, screening, and strict control in order to control the incidence of tuberculosis in schools.