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波兰和德国工人运动的卓越活动家罗莎·卢森堡(1871—1919),是帝国主义时代坚定的无产阶级革命家。她对帝国主义作了自己特有的理论分析,这一分析显然与她的革命主张和活动密切联系,并为历来的研究者所重视。但是,卢森堡究竟怎样认识帝国主义?传统的看法认为,卢森堡不了解帝国主义是资本主义的特殊历史阶段,而视之为某种特殊的方法或政策表现。例如在卢森堡的《国民经济学入门》一书的俄译本序言中,苏联学者依·拉普切夫教授说:
Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919), the outstanding activist of Polish and German workers’ movements, is a determined proletarian revolutionary in the era of imperialism. Her own unique theoretical analysis of imperialism, this analysis is clearly closely linked with her revolutionary ideas and activities, and has always been the attention of researchers. But how does Luxembourg know about imperialism? The traditional view is that Luxembourg does not understand that imperialism is a special historical stage of capitalism and regards it as a special method or policy performance. For example, in the preface to the Russian translation of the book “Introduction to National Economy” in Luxembourg, the Soviet scholar Professor I. Lapchev said: