邓小平同志有着过人的哲学头脑。他在国际共产主义运动面临新的困难和复杂的形势时,能创造性地提出建设有中国特色的社会主义理论,取决于他具有善于冷静分析和作出科学决策的哲学头脑。这种哲学头脑正是他始终坚持的以唯物辩证法思想为灵魂的辩证思维。我们学习邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,不仅要学习和掌握其中的立场和观点,还要学习他科学地分析、解决问题的辩证思维方法。为此,本文就邓小平社会主义观的两种辩证思维方法作些探讨。 同中求异的具体分析方法 所谓同中求异的具体分析方法,就是从一般认识到个别、从普遍认识到特殊,研究和把握具体事物存在和发展的深刻本质和规律的思维认识方法。这种方法是辩证思维最常见、最基本的方法。 同中求异的具体分析方法在科学认识中是不可缺少的。我们知道,事物的存在是以个性的存在为前提的,个性的本质特征决定了一事物同他事物的区别。虽然许多事物之间看起来相似,甚至在一定程度上还确实相同,但是每个事物总有其特殊性,总会与他事物存在这样或那样的差别、甚至对立。科学认识的目的就是要揭示具体事物这种矛盾特殊性和个性本质,说明一事物为什么是此物而不是彼物。但是理性思维并非一开始就可以保证这种科学认识目的的实现,因为理性思维总 Comrade Deng Xiaoping has an extraordinary philosophical mindset. When the international communist movement is facing new difficulties and complex situations, he can creatively put forward the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, depending on his philosophical mind that he is good at calmly analyzing and making scientific decisions. This philosophical mind is exactly the dialectical thinking that he always adhered to using the materialist dialectical thought as his soul. When we study Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, we not only learn and grasp the positions and opinions in it, but also learn the dialectical thinking method by which he scientifically analyzes and resolves issues. To this end, this article discusses two dialectical thinking methods of Deng Xiaoping’s socialist concept. The same method of analysis of specific differences in the so-called difference between the specific analysis of the specific method is from the general recognition of individual, from the general recognition of special, research and grasp the existence and development of specific things profound and nature of thinking and understanding of the method. This method is the most common dialectical thinking, the most basic method. Differences in the same specific analysis methods in scientific understanding is indispensable. We know that the existence of things is based on the existence of individuality as the premise, the essential characteristics of personality determines the difference between a thing and his things. Although many things appear similar, and indeed to some extent, exactly the same, every thing has its own uniqueness, and one thing or the other, or even the opposite, always exists. The purpose of scientific understanding is to reveal the specific nature of the paradoxical nature of the specific things and explain why a thing is not a thing. But rational thinking does not guarantee the realization of this scientific understanding from the very beginning because the total amount of rational thinking