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目的了解注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童与正常儿童环境香烟烟雾(environmental tobacco smoke,ETS)暴露情况的差异,分析ETS与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的相关性。方法本研究采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,通过调查问卷进行相关数据的采集,应用χ2检验的统计方法分析病例与对照的差异,了解ETS与ADHD的相关性。双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 ADHD组儿童母孕期被动吸烟率为48.75%,儿童自身环境香烟烟雾暴露率为40.00%,均高于正常对照组的28.75%和22.50%,χ2=2.36、5.70,P均<0.05;ADHD的影响因素还包括父母亲的文化程度、家庭和睦程度、儿童的出生方式、儿童性格类型、儿童偏食和饮食不规律,χ2=7.76、4.26、6.64、5.23、19.91、9.20、6.74,P均<0.05。结论母孕期和儿童自身的环境香烟烟雾暴露均是ADHD的重要危险因素,应采取相应的控烟措施,禁止公共场所吸烟行为,这有利于减少孕妇和儿童受二手烟的危害。
Objective To investigate the differences of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children and to analyze the association between ETS and ADHD in children. Methods In this study, a 1: 1 matching case-control study was used to collect relevant data from the questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between cases and controls, and to understand the correlation between ETS and ADHD. Bilateral P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The passive smoking rate of pregnant women in ADHD group was 48.75% during the first trimester, and the rate of cigarette smoke exposure in children was 40.00%, which was higher than 28.75% and 22.50% in the control group (χ2 = 2.36,5.70, P <0.05) The influencing factors also include the educational level of parents, the degree of family harmony, the way of birth of children, the type of children’s personality, children’s partial eclipse and irregular diet, χ2 = 7.76,4.26,6.64,5.23,19.91,9.20,6.74, P <0.05 . Conclusions Both environmental exposure and cigarette smoke exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and children are important risk factors for ADHD. Tobacco control measures should be taken to prohibit smoking in public places, which is beneficial to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke to pregnant women and children.