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[目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田土壤微生物(区系、生物量、生理群)的扰动效应。[方法]通过田间定位定量试验,采用平板表面涂抹法和稀释法进行分析。[结果]试验水田的土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌和真菌。养鱼水田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于对照水田,分别达到显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)、极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量C和N明显高于对照水田,均达到极显著差异水平(P<0.01);养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量P也高于对照水田,但并未达到显著差异水平(P>0.05)。底栖鱼类促进了土壤固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氨化细菌的生长,抑制了反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌的繁殖。[结论]底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物区系、生物量和生理群具有重要影响,改善了土壤微生物的生存条件,提高了土壤肥力和生化活性,有助于增加土壤N、P、S等养分元素的供给能力和养分利用效率。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the disturbance effect of benthic fish loach on soil microbe (flora, biomass and physiology group) in paddy field. [Method] The field experiment was used for quantitative analysis and the surface smear method and dilution method were used for analysis. [Result] Among the soil microbial flora in the paddy field, the amount of bacteria was highest, followed by actinomycetes and fungi. The numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the paddy field were significantly higher than those in the control paddy field (P <0.05), significantly (P <0.01), significantly different (P <0.01). The soil microbial biomass C and N in the paddy field were significantly higher than those in the control paddy field (P <0.01), and the soil microbial biomass P in the paddy field was higher than that in the paddy field, but did not reach significant differences Level (P> 0.05). Benthic fish promoted the growth of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulphurizing bacteria and ammonifying bacteria and inhibited the growth of denitrifying bacteria and anti-sulfur bacteria. [Conclusion] Benthic fish had an important influence on the soil microflora, biomass and physiology group in paddy so as to improve the living conditions of soil microorganism, increase soil fertility and biochemical activity, increase soil N, P, S, etc. Nutrient supply capacity and nutrient utilization efficiency.