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针对丘陵区坡耕地土壤养分流失严重、施肥不合理和作物产量较低的现象,采取增施有机无机复混肥、土壤改良颗粒剂及地表覆膜等措施,共设置5个施肥模式,研究不同施肥模式对大豆田土壤物理性状、大豆农艺性状及产量的影响,从而筛选出坡耕地增产效果最佳施肥模式。结果表明:覆膜措施有效减少了土壤含水量的波动,非覆膜施肥模式的含水量由表土至耕层底部逐渐增高,且0～15 cm变化较为明显,在生育后期有机无机复混肥+土壤颗粒改良剂+覆膜施肥模式的耕层15～20 cm土壤含水量明显高于其它施肥模式;与对照相比,各施肥模式单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重均有升高趋势,瘪荚率和虫粒率降低趋势更明显;有机无机复混肥+土壤颗粒改良剂+地面覆盖较其他施肥模式分别增产77.55%、43.52%、40.07%和29.39%,且均达到差异极显著水平。因此,有机无机复混肥+土壤颗粒改良剂+覆膜施肥模式可以有效改善坡耕地土壤物理性状,提高大豆产量。
Aiming at the serious loss of soil nutrients, unreasonable fertilization and low crop yield on sloping farmland in the hilly region, a total of five fertilization modes were set up to study the effects of organic-inorganic fertilizers, soil-amended granules and surface covering. Effects of different fertilization modes on physical properties of soils, agronomic characters and yield of soybean were studied to select the best fertilization mode for increasing crop yield. The results showed that the measures of film mulching effectively reduced the fluctuation of soil water content. The water content of non-mulching film increased gradually from top soil to the bottom of plow layer, and the variation of 0-15 cm was obvious. In the later organic-inorganic compound fertilizer + Compared with the control, the soil moisture content of 15-20 cm soil layer of soil layer modifier + film mulching fertilization mode was significantly higher than that of other fertilization modes. Compared with the control, the pods per plant, And the rate of defoliation pod and worm population decreased more obviously. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer + soil particle modifier + ground coverage increased by 77.55%, 43.52%, 40.07% and 29.39% respectively compared with other fertilization modes, The difference is extremely significant. Therefore, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer + soil particle modifier + plastic film-mulching fertilization mode can effectively improve the physical properties of sloping land soils and increase soybean yield.