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以黄顶菊为供试植物,通过盆栽试验研究土壤真菌在其入侵过程中的作用,揭示黄顶菊入侵的土壤微生物学机制。试验设置5个施磷(KH2PO4)水平(50mg·kg-1CaSO4,缺磷处理,P0;空白,不加磷处理,P1;20mg·kg-1,P2;40mg·kg-1,P3;80mg·kg-1,P4),并通过施用杀真菌剂苯菌灵控制土壤真菌,研究二者对黄顶菊入侵性的影响。杀真菌剂处理显著降低了黄顶菊的菌根侵染率,抑制了植株光合作用,降低了植株生物量、可溶性糖的积累及抗氧化保护酶系统(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,在较高施磷水平时(P3、P4)增加植株全P含量,而对植株叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、全N含量等无显著影响。施用磷肥引起的植物磷营养状况的改变,对土壤真菌具有一定的调控作用,真菌效应的发挥因施磷量不同而发生变化,在缺磷和低磷处理(P0～P2)时,真菌对N、P吸收贡献率表现为正效应;而当施磷量较高(P3、P4)时,贡献率表现为负效应。土壤真菌和养分状况对黄顶菊的生长和生理代谢均有重要影响。
Using flaveria bidentis as test plant, pot experiments were conducted to study the role of soil fungi in their invasion and to reveal the soil microbiological mechanism of invasion of flaveria bidentis. In the experiment, five KH2PO4 levels (50mg · kg-1CaSO4, phosphorus deficiency treatment, P0; blank, without phosphorus treatment, P1; 20mg · kg-1, P2; 40mg · kg-1, P3; 80mg · kg-1, P4). The soil fungi were controlled by the fungicide benomyl to study their effects on the invasiveness of flaveria bidentis. The fungicide treatment significantly reduced the mycorrhizal infection rate, inhibited the plant photosynthesis, reduced plant biomass, soluble sugar accumulation and antioxidant protective enzyme system (SOD, POD and CAT) activity in the higher Shi Phosphorus level (P3, P4) increased plant total P content, but had no significant effect on plant chlorophyll, soluble protein and total N content. Phosphorus fertilizer plant caused by changes in phosphorus nutritional status of soil fungi have a regulatory role in the fungal effect due to the different amount of phosphorus changes in the phosphorus and phosphorus treatment (P0 ~ P2), fungi on the N , P absorption contribution rate showed a positive effect; and when the phosphorus rate is higher (P3, P4), the contribution rate showed a negative effect. Soil fungi and nutrient status had significant effects on the growth and physiological metabolism of Flaveria bidentis.