20世纪之前,欧洲的绘画作为实用美术,一直满足教会、政府和其他个体客户的需求。画家是一种高尚职业,扮演着重要的脚色。因为技术的熟练性、精确性和复杂性。因此一个画家从入行便遵循从临摹师傅课徒稿开始,传承师傅的一整套绘制方法。 Before the twentieth century, European paintings, as practical art, had always met the needs of churches, governments and other individual clients. Painter is a noble profession, playing an important role. Because of the skill, accuracy and complexity of the technology. Therefore, an artist follows the procedure of copying a master’s master’s composition from the beginning of the master copy.