近年来持续的干旱灾害,暴露出中国灌溉系统的治理危机及其所引致的灌溉系统不可持续问题。解决这一问题的关键在于制度性因素,核心在激励。本文基于区分灌溉系统供给和生产各环节,深入剖析灌溉系统治理的利益相关者在约束条件下的行为激励和互动博弈,尝试性地提出适应转型中国经济社会发展新形势的更优替代制度设计:嵌套分层的多中心治理结构。 The persistent drought disaster in recent years has exposed the crisis of governance in China’s irrigation systems and the unsustainability of irrigation systems. The key to solving this problem lies in the institutional factors, with the core in motivation. Based on the distinction between supply and production of irrigation system, this paper deeply analyzes the behavioral incentive and interactive game of stakeholders in irrigation system under constraints and attempts to propose a better substitution system design to adapt to the new situation of China’s economic and social development: Nested hierarchical multi-center governance structure.