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目的分析2010-2014年合肥市麻疹流行病学特征,为消除和控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究的方法,对2010-2014年合肥市麻疹病例的流行学特征进行描述和分析。结果 2010-2014年合肥市共报告麻疹确诊病例469例,年均发病率为1.36/10万,发病时间集中在3-6月份,小于8月龄和大于18岁病例所占比例呈逐年上升趋势(=10.54,P=0.032),报告病例中有免疫史的构成比逐年下降(P<0.001),发病前7~21天有医疗机构就诊史比例呈逐年上升趋势(=33.02,P<0.001)。结论适龄儿童开展查漏补种工作,重点地区重点人群开展强化免疫工作,提高麻疹疫苗接种率,控制院内感染,是消除麻疹的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Hefei from 2010 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for the elimination and control of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases in Hefei in 2010-2014. Results A total of 469 measles cases were reported in Hefei City from 2010 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 1.36 / 100 000. The onset time was concentrated in March to June. The proportion of cases less than 8 months old and older than 18 years showed an upward trend year by year (P <0.001). The proportions of medical institutions in the 7-21 days prior to onset showed a year-by-year upward trend (= 33.02, P <0.001) . Conclusion It is the key to eliminate measles that the school-age children carry out leak detection and replanting work, strengthen the immunization of key population in key areas, improve measles vaccination rate and control nosocomial infection.