婴幼儿上消化道出血。常见的原因是食道,胃或十二指肠静脉曲张破裂,溃疡病,出血性疾病,先天性心脏病,低血糖,消化道畸形等。门脉性肝硬化可引起食道静脉曲张破裂出血,肝外门静脉血栓形成也可以引起上消化道静脉曲张破裂。此外,魏尔森氏病、a_1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症及慢性活动性肝炎也要加以考虑。造成这类出血的诱因,可能与常规使用水杨酸盐、上呼吸道感染、不适当的用力检查或粗糙食物的摄入有关。静脉曲张所致的急性出血可能是门脉系统压力减低,此时不 Infant upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Common causes are esophagus, stomach or duodenal varices, ulcer disease, hemorrhagic disease, congenital heart disease, hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal malformations and so on. Portal venous cirrhosis can cause bleeding esophageal varices, extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis can cause upper gastrointestinal varicose veins rupture. In addition, Wilson’s disease, a-1 antitrypsin deficiency and chronic active hepatitis should also be considered. Causes of such bleeding may be related to the routine use of salicylates, upper respiratory infections, inadequate straining checks or rough food intake. Acute bleeding due to varicose veins may be reduced portal system pressure, this time not