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目的了解和掌握蓬莱市山丘地区农村饮用水卫生状况,为政府决策提供依据。方法 2012年,随机抽取蓬莱市山丘地区的35个农村饮用水供水点,对其卫生状况进行现场调查,于枯水期(4月)和丰水期(8月)分别采集水样进行卫生指标检测与评价。结果调查的35个供水点中,深井水24个,浅井水11个;日供水量100~499t的12个,50~99t的23个;30个取水点周围有卫生防护措施,4个水源周围卫生状况较差;35名从业人员中只有3人持有健康合格证;水源水经完全处理(沉淀、过滤、消毒)后供水的仅有1个点,占2.86%。合计检测水样70份,全部指标均合格的占18.57%。水样合格率,枯水期为28.57%,丰水期为8.57%(P<0.05);经完全处理的为47.17%,沉淀、过滤的为14.71%,仅消毒的为3/8,未处理的为11.54%(P<0.05)。检测的34项指标中,70份水样全部合格的有pH、铜、铅、镉、铬、挥发酚类、耗氧量、碘、砷、汞、硒、阴离子合成洗涤剂、氰化物、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳,臭和味、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群的合格率分别为78.57%、25.71%、81.42%、81.42%,均为枯水期高于丰水期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他15项指标的的合格率为68.57%~97.14%。结论 2012年蓬莱市山丘地区农村饮用水的卫生状况较差,微生物污染较为严重。
Objective To understand and grasp the hygiene status of rural drinking water in the hills of Penglai City and provide the basis for government decision-making. Methods In 2012, 35 rural drinking water supply points in the hills of Penglai City were randomly selected and their sanitary conditions were investigated on site. During the dry season (April) and wet season (August), water samples were collected for health indicators detection And evaluation. Results Among the 35 water supply points surveyed, 24 were deep well water and 11 were shallow well water. Twelve were in the range of 100-499 t and 23 were in the range of 50-99 t. There were sanitary protection measures around 30 water intake points and around 4 water sources Poor health conditions; only 35 out of 35 employees have health certificates; water supply is only 1 point, accounting for 2.86% of the total water supply after treatment (sedimentation, filtration and disinfection). Total test water samples 70, all indicators were qualified accounted for 18.57%. The pass rate of water samples was 28.57% in the dry season and 8.57% in the wet season (P <0.05), 47.17% in the complete treatment, 14.71% in the sedimentation and filtration, only 3/8 in the disinfection, 11.54% (P <0.05). Of the 34 indicators tested, 70 of the water samples were all qualified as pH, copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, volatile phenols, oxygen consumption, iodine, arsenic, mercury, selenium, anionic synthetic detergents, The pass rates of methyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, stink and taste, total number of colonies, total coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria were 78.57%, 25.71%, 81.42% and 81.42% respectively, , The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); the other 15 indicators of the pass rate was 68.57% ~ 97.14%. Conclusion The drinking water in rural areas in Penglai City in 2012 is poorly sanitized and the microbial pollution is more serious.