论文部分内容阅读
目的了解蚌埠市1991-2007年脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)等9种主要疫苗针对性疾病流行特征,为进一步预防和控制(防控)针对性疾病提供依据。方法对脊灰等9种主要疫苗针对性疾病发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果1991-1995年共报告脊灰16例,1995年以后无脊灰病例发生;1991-2007年无白喉病例报告,2007年百日咳、新生儿破伤风、乙型脑炎(乙脑)发病率分别为:0.15/10万、0.04‰、0.12/10万;乙型肝炎(乙肝)年均发病率为75.56/10万,2002年后5岁以下儿童发病明显减少,占0.34%;结核病年均发病率41.75/10万;2000年以后麻疹发病率波动在1.07/10万~23.10/10万,2000年前发病高峰年龄组为5~9岁,2000年后高峰年龄组为0~4岁;1991-1998年流脑病例主要为15岁以下人群,占72.53%,1998年后,大年龄组(10~19岁)发病增加112.70%,30岁以上成人发病增加62.49%;乙肝、麻疹、流脑城市和农村发病率分别为:105.2/10万和67.01/10万(1991-2007年)、8.80/10万和5.73/10万(2001-2007年)、0.79/10万和0.16/10万(1999-2007年)。结论目前乙肝、麻疹、流脑等疫苗针对性疾病出现发病年龄变化、农村发病较高等新的流行特征,应在加强常规接种工作的基础上,采取针对性措施,开展疫苗免疫接种等防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of nine major vaccine-targeted diseases such as poliomyelitis (polio) from 1991 to 2007 in Bengbu, so as to provide basis for further prevention and control of targeted diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of the incidence of the nine major vaccine-specific diseases such as polio were conducted. Results A total of 16 poliovirus cases were reported from 1991 to 1995 and no polio cases occurred after 1995. No diphtheria cases were reported from 1991 to 2007, and the incidence of pertussis, neonatal tetanus and Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 2007 The average annual incidence of hepatitis B (hepatitis B) was 75.56 / 100000, the incidence of children under 5 years old after 2002 significantly decreased, accounting for 0.34%; the annual incidence of tuberculosis The rate of occurrence of measles after 2000 was 1.07 / 100,000 to 23.10 / 100,000. The peak age of onset was 5 ~ 9 years old before 2000, and the age group of 0 ~ 4 years old after 2000. - In 1998, the number of cases of meningitis mainly accounted for 72.53% of the population under 15 years old. After 1998, the incidence of large-age group (10-19 years old) increased by 112.70% and that of adults over the age of 30 increased by 62.49%. Hepatitis B, measles, meningitis The morbidity rates in urban and rural areas were 105.2 / 100,000 and 67.01 / 100,000 respectively (1991-2007), 8.80 / 100,000 and 5.73 / 100,000 (2001-2007), 0.79 / 100,000 and 0.16 / 100,000 1999-2007). Conclusions At present, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis and other vaccine-targeted diseases have emerging epidemic characteristics such as age of onset and higher incidence in rural areas. On the basis of strengthening routine vaccination, targeted measures should be taken to prevent and control vaccination, .