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海水温度是海水的基本物理特性之一,它体现了海水运动的热输送和海气热量交换。而海面水温则体现了海面热量平衡的结果。影响海面水温变化的因素是比较复杂的,如太阳辐射、海面有效回辐射、海面蒸发、海气接触热交换、海洋热平流、大陆径流（近海区）以及与这些过程密切相关的大气环流等。 海水温度状况对海水热量平衡、水团分析、海洋环流和海气相互作用等的研究,尤其对发展海洋渔业生产和开发海洋生物资源等都具有十分重要的意义。其中对渔情分析、中心渔场位置的预测、汛期早晚和鱼发状况的分析等均起到一定作用。因此,近些年来世界主要海洋大国对海水温度的分析和预报给予了很大的重视。1982年底,美国向联合国教科文组织海委会（IOC）提供的48项海洋学产品中,海水温度分析和预报占25项,其中2项为次表层海
Seawater temperature is one of the basic physical properties of seawater, which reflects the thermal transport of seawater and the exchange of heat and sea air heat. The sea surface temperature reflects the result of the sea surface heat balance. The factors affecting the variation of sea surface water temperature are complex, such as solar radiation, effective sea surface radiation, sea surface evaporation, air-sea contact heat exchange, ocean advection, continental runoff (offshore) and the atmospheric circulation closely related to these processes. The research on seawater temperature and seawater heat balance, water mass analysis, ocean circulation and sea-air interaction are of great significance especially for the development of marine fishery production and exploitation of marine living resources. Among them, the analysis of fishery conditions, the prediction of the location of the central fishing grounds, the analysis of the conditions of the morning and evening floods and the development of fish hair all play a role. Therefore, in recent years, the world’s major ocean powers have paid great attention to the analysis and forecast of seawater temperature. At the end of 1982, of the 48 oceanographic products provided by the United States to the UNESCO IOC, sea temperature analysis and prediction accounted for 25 of which 2 were sub-surface sea