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中国与印度两国都在农村实行村民自治制度，两国农村村民自治制度在制度理念、实施过程、组织架构、基本功能等方面有很多相似之处，也有一些微妙的差别。印度农村村民自治制度的兴衰对中国农村村民自治制度的发展具有深刻的启示。经验表明，对于一个经济文化落后、农村人口众多的发展中国家而言，实行村民自治的根本目标应当是发展农村基层民主，治理好农村内部事务。农民自治组织没有实际能力充当整个国家政治民主化进程的火车头。如果不切实际地守大村民自治的政治功效，反而会使村民自治陷入困境，断送农村的发展。
Both China and India implement the system of villager autonomy in rural areas. There are many similarities and some subtle differences in the system concept, implementation process, organizational structure and basic functions between the rural villagers autonomy system in the two countries. The Rise and Fall of Villagers’ Autonomy System in Rural Areas of India Inscribed Deeply on the Development of Villagers Autonomy System in Rural China. Experience shows that for a developing country with a backward economy and culture and a large rural population, the fundamental goal of implementing self-government by villagers should be to develop grassroots democracy in rural areas and properly handle the internal affairs of rural areas. Farmers autonomous organizations do not have the practical ability to act as the locomotive of the entire country’s political democratization. If unrealistically keeping the political effectiveness of the large-scale villagers’ autonomy, they will instead make the autonomy of villagers fall into difficulties and ruin the development of the rural areas.