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该研究的目的是探讨发散性思维的年龄差异以及“位置法”记忆训练对发散性思维的迁移作用。训练组为经过记忆训练的青年人24名,老年组20名,对照组为相匹配的青年人24名、老年人19名。结果表明:(1)在图形、符号、语义三方面的流畅性、变通性和独特性上,老年组均很显著地比青年组差。青年组的个别差异较大,老年组的更大,尤其是独特性。(2)青年训练组的图形流畅性、独特性及语义的独特性成绩显著优于其对照组,老年训练组图形的变通性有优于其对照组的趋势(P=.052),说明“位置法”记忆训练对发散性思维有一定的间接迁移作用,尤其是对青年人。(3)发散性思维与想象力、数字符号、训练前和训练后词的记忆以及图形的记忆成绩均有很显著正相关。而词汇成绩只与训练组两项发散性思维有显著相关。
The purpose of this study was to explore the age differences of divergent thinking and the role of memory training of location method in the divergent thinking. Twenty-four young people were trained in memory training, 20 in the elderly group, 24 in the control group and 19 in the elderly group. The results show that: (1) In the fluency, flexibility and uniqueness of the three aspects of graphics, symbols and semantics, the elderly group is significantly worse than the youth group. Individual differences in youth groups are larger, older groups are larger, especially unique. (2) The youth flu training group’s graphic fluency, uniqueness and semantic uniqueness were significantly better than those of the control group. The flexibility of the geriatric training group was superior to that of the control group (P = .052) “Location Law” memory training on the divergent thinking of a certain indirect role in migration, especially for young people. (3) divergent thinking and imagination, the number of symbols, pre-training and post-training words and memory of the memory of the results are very significant positive correlation. The vocabulary scores only with the training group two divergent thinking is significantly related.