如果说在古代科学研究曾经在很大程度上是个人的活动,那么,在现代社会中,科技活动早就成为了集体的活动。科技活动是特殊的社会活动,科技集体是有自身特殊性的集体。作为一种有组织的社会活动和有组织的特殊群体,科技群体的活动比较突出地表现出了自组织现象,这是应该引起我们高度重视的。20世纪60年代以来,以耗散结构理论的研究为新起点,随着协同学、超循环理论、突变论、混沌理论和分 If in ancient times scientific research was once largely a personal activity, then in modern society, science and technology activities have long been a collective activity. Science and technology activities are special social activities, and science and technology collectives are groups with their own particularities. As a kind of organized social activities and organized special groups, the activities of science and technology groups have shown self-organization more prominently, which deserves our great attention. Since the 1960s, with the study of dissipative structure theory as a new starting point, with the development of synergetics, hypercyclic theory, catastrophe theory, chaos theory and sub-theory