玛丽亚·柯诺普尼茨卡(1842—1910)是波兰批判现实主义的优秀代表之一。她继承并发展了波兰19世纪古典诗歌的优良传统,写了许多富有人民性的诗,成为波兰人民的一代歌手。但除了诗以外,她也写过散文作品,包括短篇小说、戏剧和文艺评论等,其中又以短篇小说的成就为最高。柯诺普尼茨卡在短篇小说中描写工人、 Maria Konopunitska (1842-1910) is one of the finest representatives of Polish critical realism. She inherited and developed the fine tradition of 19th-century Polish classical poetry, wrote many poems rich in humanity and became a generation of singers of the Polish people. But in addition to poetry, she also wrote prose works, including short stories, drama and literary criticism, among which her short story achievement was the highest. Konopuchtska portrays workers in short stories,