我国海域辽阔，海岸线漫长。随着工农业生产的发展与人们生活的提高，各类陆源污染物（有毒有害的化学物质、有机物质及重金属等）大量排放入海，以致沿岸、近海污染较为严重，不但在经济上造成巨大损失，而且给人民的健康也构成较大的威胁。与此同时，海上运输、海洋捕捞以及 China has a vast sea area and a long coastline. With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the improvement of people’s lives, various types of land-based pollutants (toxic and harmful chemicals, organic substances and heavy metals, etc.) have been discharged into the sea in large quantities, causing serious pollution along the coasts and offshore areas. This not only causes huge economic losses, But also pose a greater threat to people’s health. At the same time, maritime transport, marine fishing as well