1前言新疆河流多属山溪性河流。具有含沙量大、泥沙粒径粗等特点,特别是洪水期,水流含沙量高达7～14kg/m~3,其中推移质约占悬移质泥沙的8%～15%。针对这一特点,新疆自50年代以来,先后引入了印度式、原苏联的费尔干式、底栏栅式及分层式等多种形式的引水防沙渠首,同时在干渠渠 1 Introduction Xinjiang rivers are mostly mountain streams. It has such features as large sediment concentration and coarse sediment diameter. Especially during the flood period, the sediment concentration in water reaches as high as 7 ~ 14kg / m ~ 3, of which the displacement quality accounts for 8% ~ 15% of suspended sediment. In response to this feature, since the 1950s, Xinjiang has introduced various types of water diversion and sediment prevention dredgers such as the Falkan type, the Baltic type and the stratified type in the former Soviet Union and the other in the dry canal