Hormonal therapy is an important treatment for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer. But it can induce neuroen-docrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer cells. These NE cells will secrete manifold neural peptide or hormones which can lead to androgen-independent growth of non-NE tumor cells. When this happens, hormonal therapy becomes useless and indicates bad prognosis. In this paper, the mechanism of neuroendocrine differentiation and its relationship with androgen-independent were reviewed.