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以“碧香无核”葡萄为试材,采用U14(74)均匀设计方法,研究了生育期不同灌水上限和灌水量对葡萄田间土壤水分动态、产量和品质的影响,以期探索吉林地区设施滴灌条件下适宜葡萄各生育期生长的灌水上限。结果表明:土壤含水率在葡萄新梢生长期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期变化趋势基本一致,各处理根层(0~20cm)土壤含水量变化较大,随着生育进程的推进逐渐趋于稳定但差别仍较大;处理Ⅴ(灌水量为462.9mm)产量最低(2 333.3kg·hm-2),其余各处理较对照(CK)增产显著,处理Ⅳ(灌水量为755.0mm)增产效果最好,其次为处理Ⅰ(759.0mm),产量分别比CK提高了73.1%和72.0%;不同处理间的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量差异不显著,可溶性糖含量处理Ⅴ最高,处理Ⅳ次之;维生素C含量处理Ⅰ最高,处理Ⅳ次之,CK(100%FC)最低。综合分析,处理Ⅳ即萌芽展叶期75%FC、新梢生长期60%FC、果实膨大期85%FC、果实成熟期70%FC时有利于葡萄产量的增加和品质的提高。
Taking “Bixiang seedless” grapes as test material, the uniform design method of U14 (74) was used to study the effects of different irrigation caps and irrigation amount on soil moisture dynamics, yield and quality during the field of grapes. The upper limit of irrigation suitable for growth of grapes under drip irrigation. The results showed that the change trend of soil water content was basically the same during the shoot growth phase, fruit enlargement phase and fruit ripening stage. The soil water content of the root layer (0 ~ 20cm) varied greatly with the development of the fertility stage But the difference was still large. The yield of treatment V (irrigation volume 462.9mm) was the lowest (2333.3kg · hm-2), the yield of other treatments was significantly higher than that of CK (CK). The yield of treatment IV (irrigation amount 755.0mm) (759.0mm), the yield was increased by 73.1% and 72.0% respectively than that of CK. The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in different treatments was not significantly different. The content of soluble sugar was the highest in Ⅴ treatment and the treatment of Ⅳ was the second. Vitamin C content of the highest treatment Ⅰ, Ⅳ treatment, CK (100% FC) the lowest. Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of Ⅳ germinated leaf stage of 75% FC, shoot growth stage of 60% FC, fruit enlargement of 85% FC, 70% of fruit maturity FC is conducive to the increase of grape yield and quality improvement.