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不少人把1905年看成是中国社会转型的一个重要时刻,尤其是科举考试的废除和新式学堂的倡办,知识阶层向上流动的传统道路被切断了。这一年对于豫北的汲县人王锡彤而言,堪称转型的关键时刻。他决定听从好友李敏修的建议,到刚刚成立的禹州三峰煤矿去工作。此后,他的中州理学家身份逐渐淡去,一个新派的实业家从此活跃在清末和民国初期的舞台上。王锡彤转型的前后几年中,英国福公司成功获得豫
Many people regarded 1905 as an important moment in the social transformation in China. In particular, the abolition of the examination system and the advocacy of the new school led to the cut-off of the traditional path of upward mobility of the intelligentsia. This year was a crucial moment for the transformation of Wang Xitong, a Jixian County in northern Henan. He decided to follow the advice of his friend Li Minxiu and go to work at the newly established Yufeng Sanfeng Mine. Since then, his status as a Neo-Confucianist physicist has faded, and a new generation of entrepreneurs has been active in the late Qing and early Republican stages. Wang Xitong years before and after the transformation, the British company successfully won Fu